Comments on: Will Schools Be Able to “Opt Out” of Math Investigations? http://www.bvbl.net/index.php/2009/01/12/will-schools-be-able-to-opt-out-of-math-investigations/ Blog-Fu for Prince William, Manassas and Manassas Park politics. Tue, 14 Feb 2012 00:52:18 +0000 http://wordpress.org/?v=2.2.3 By: Anon http://www.bvbl.net/index.php/2009/01/12/will-schools-be-able-to-opt-out-of-math-investigations/#comment-80480 Anon Wed, 21 Jan 2009 13:26:36 +0000 http://www.bvbl.net/index.php/2009/01/12/will-schools-be-able-to-opt-out-of-math-investigations/#comment-80480 I believe Mr Trenum is the only board member with children young enough to be affected by the program. I'm not sure what the thinks of it - or any of the others except for Mr. Lattin and Mr. Richardson for that matter. Maybe we'll find out tonight..... I believe Mr Trenum is the only board member with children young enough to be affected by the program. I’m not sure what the thinks of it - or any of the others except for Mr. Lattin and Mr. Richardson for that matter. Maybe we’ll find out tonight…..

]]> By: fprichards http://www.bvbl.net/index.php/2009/01/12/will-schools-be-able-to-opt-out-of-math-investigations/#comment-80455 fprichards Tue, 20 Jan 2009 22:40:36 +0000 http://www.bvbl.net/index.php/2009/01/12/will-schools-be-able-to-opt-out-of-math-investigations/#comment-80455 PWCS Board Members - any of them have children in this math experiment? Answer's I think - not many. Believe Chairman Mr. Johns and Mr. Trenum (Brentsville?) both have younger children in PWCS. The other 6 on the board -- no children in pwcs elem schools. The most vocal board members (if you watch the board meetings - very lively gentlemen) have no children in pwcs; Mr. Lattin's kids go to Fairfax Cty HS (Thomas Jefferson) and Mr. Richardson does not appear to have any children in the pw schools. Fascinating that they're so sold on an experiment with other parents' children PWCS Board Members - any of them have children in this math experiment?

Answer’s I think - not many. Believe Chairman Mr. Johns and Mr. Trenum (Brentsville?) both have younger children in PWCS. The other 6 on the board — no children in pwcs elem schools. The most vocal board members (if you watch the board meetings - very lively gentlemen) have no children in pwcs; Mr. Lattin’s kids go to Fairfax Cty HS (Thomas Jefferson) and Mr. Richardson does not appear to have any children in the pw schools.

Fascinating that they’re so sold on an experiment with other parents’ children

]]> By: please educate our kids http://www.bvbl.net/index.php/2009/01/12/will-schools-be-able-to-opt-out-of-math-investigations/#comment-80453 please educate our kids Tue, 20 Jan 2009 21:50:16 +0000 http://www.bvbl.net/index.php/2009/01/12/will-schools-be-able-to-opt-out-of-math-investigations/#comment-80453 Newletter came home last week telling parents to start teaching their children the basic multiplication facts at home. I guess this is the PWCS supplementation plan to fill some of the many holes in the Investigations Math program... Newletter came home last week telling parents to start teaching their children the basic multiplication facts at home. I guess this is the PWCS supplementation plan to fill some of the many holes in the Investigations Math program…

]]> By: AWCheney http://www.bvbl.net/index.php/2009/01/12/will-schools-be-able-to-opt-out-of-math-investigations/#comment-80286 AWCheney Sun, 18 Jan 2009 09:50:31 +0000 http://www.bvbl.net/index.php/2009/01/12/will-schools-be-able-to-opt-out-of-math-investigations/#comment-80286 Well, that would explain the extreme defensiveness Monster_Mom. One or more "geniuses" on the School Board found a comparable genius in Greece, NY who was as enamored with Math Investigations as he or she was. Wouldn't it be ironic if MI was the deal-maker for Walts, despite his poor results and exorbitant spending during his tenure in Greece...not to mention the investigation for misappropriation of funds on his watch. Well, that would explain the extreme defensiveness Monster_Mom. One or more “geniuses” on the School Board found a comparable genius in Greece, NY who was as enamored with Math Investigations as he or she was. Wouldn’t it be ironic if MI was the deal-maker for Walts, despite his poor results and exorbitant spending during his tenure in Greece…not to mention the investigation for misappropriation of funds on his watch.

]]> By: Monster_Mom http://www.bvbl.net/index.php/2009/01/12/will-schools-be-able-to-opt-out-of-math-investigations/#comment-80285 Monster_Mom Sun, 18 Jan 2009 07:37:03 +0000 http://www.bvbl.net/index.php/2009/01/12/will-schools-be-able-to-opt-out-of-math-investigations/#comment-80285 Freedom and AW I agree you that responsibility for the decision rests with the school board and conversations about the program belong at that level, especially as central office staff have made it abundantly clear to teachers that they must follow the program to the letter. However, one point to clarify is that the Superintendent did not bring Investigations to PWC - math department staff did. When he was hired it was already implemented in full in about 97 classroom and 11 different schools. Yes, it was officially selected as the county wide program after the super was hired AND his statements about how successful it had been in Greece were cited by several members of the school board as sufficient to convince them to throw their support for it, but - he did not personally bring it to PWC. Freedom and AW I agree you that responsibility for the decision rests with the school board and conversations about the program belong at that level, especially as central office staff have made it abundantly clear to teachers that they must follow the program to the letter.

However, one point to clarify is that the Superintendent did not bring Investigations to PWC - math department staff did. When he was hired it was already implemented in full in about 97 classroom and 11 different schools. Yes, it was officially selected as the county wide program after the super was hired AND his statements about how successful it had been in Greece were cited by several members of the school board as sufficient to convince them to throw their support for it, but - he did not personally bring it to PWC.

]]> By: AWCheney http://www.bvbl.net/index.php/2009/01/12/will-schools-be-able-to-opt-out-of-math-investigations/#comment-80278 AWCheney Sun, 18 Jan 2009 02:06:37 +0000 http://www.bvbl.net/index.php/2009/01/12/will-schools-be-able-to-opt-out-of-math-investigations/#comment-80278 "…and in so doing, AWC, you put it right back “…into the lap of…” the school board." As was my intent freedom. I've been wondering about the judgment of our current School Board ever since they hired him, and particularly the extreme defensiveness that one experiences from them whenever the suggestion that they might have made a mistake arises. Such a level of defensiveness always make me wonder. “…and in so doing, AWC, you put it right back “…into the lap of…” the school board.”

As was my intent freedom. I’ve been wondering about the judgment of our current School Board ever since they hired him, and particularly the extreme defensiveness that one experiences from them whenever the suggestion that they might have made a mistake arises. Such a level of defensiveness always make me wonder.

]]> By: freedom http://www.bvbl.net/index.php/2009/01/12/will-schools-be-able-to-opt-out-of-math-investigations/#comment-80277 freedom Sun, 18 Jan 2009 01:28:50 +0000 http://www.bvbl.net/index.php/2009/01/12/will-schools-be-able-to-opt-out-of-math-investigations/#comment-80277 ...and in so doing, AWC, you put it right back "...into the lap of..." the school board. Isn't it amazing what $250K per year will bring? ...and the issues are sooooooooo difficult that he just can't seem to figure out how to reward achievement vs. mediocrity. Pshaaaaaaaw...:( …and in so doing, AWC, you put it right back “…into the lap of…” the school board. Isn’t it amazing what $250K per year will bring? …and the issues are sooooooooo difficult that he just can’t seem to figure out how to reward achievement vs. mediocrity. Pshaaaaaaaw…:(

]]> By: AWCheney http://www.bvbl.net/index.php/2009/01/12/will-schools-be-able-to-opt-out-of-math-investigations/#comment-80258 AWCheney Fri, 16 Jan 2009 23:49:25 +0000 http://www.bvbl.net/index.php/2009/01/12/will-schools-be-able-to-opt-out-of-math-investigations/#comment-80258 I would put it into the lap of the School Superintendent who introduced the program in PWC...after it was so unsuccessful in Greece, NY where he had previously introduced it. As far as the School Board members are concerned, I believe THAT is the very expensive mistake (appointment of this Superintendent) that they're so defensive about. I would put it into the lap of the School Superintendent who introduced the program in PWC…after it was so unsuccessful in Greece, NY where he had previously introduced it. As far as the School Board members are concerned, I believe THAT is the very expensive mistake (appointment of this Superintendent) that they’re so defensive about.

]]> By: Monster_Mom http://www.bvbl.net/index.php/2009/01/12/will-schools-be-able-to-opt-out-of-math-investigations/#comment-80255 Monster_Mom Fri, 16 Jan 2009 21:56:19 +0000 http://www.bvbl.net/index.php/2009/01/12/will-schools-be-able-to-opt-out-of-math-investigations/#comment-80255 I'm with ya! I've always that that when people have such a fanatical devotion to something that they are willing to compromise every principle they have, then there's something amiss. With this math program - math of all things - we've got Principals using kids as pawns, central office staff and school board members overtly intimidating parents, and our teachers - dear god our poor teachers - are getting so much pressure from every corner. All for a math program. It seems like the fight is more over someone's bloated ego than what's right for our kids. The program works for some but not for others. An alternate track won't take anything away from anyone but it will give something to those kids whose needs aren't being met. I find it amazing that a concept as innocuous as that would be met with such vitriol. I’m with ya! I’ve always that that when people have such a fanatical devotion to something that they are willing to compromise every principle they have, then there’s something amiss. With this math program - math of all things - we’ve got Principals using kids as pawns, central office staff and school board members overtly intimidating parents, and our teachers - dear god our poor teachers - are getting so much pressure from every corner. All for a math program.

It seems like the fight is more over someone’s bloated ego than what’s right for our kids. The program works for some but not for others. An alternate track won’t take anything away from anyone but it will give something to those kids whose needs aren’t being met.

I find it amazing that a concept as innocuous as that would be met with such vitriol.

]]> By: anon http://www.bvbl.net/index.php/2009/01/12/will-schools-be-able-to-opt-out-of-math-investigations/#comment-80254 anon Fri, 16 Jan 2009 21:49:38 +0000 http://www.bvbl.net/index.php/2009/01/12/will-schools-be-able-to-opt-out-of-math-investigations/#comment-80254 This is incredible that the school board could be condoning behavior like this! Are all the school board members supporting Math Investigations? Do any of them have children in school or are all their children grown? This is incredible that the school board could be condoning behavior like this!

Are all the school board members supporting Math Investigations? Do any of them have children in school or are all their children grown?

]]> By: freedom http://www.bvbl.net/index.php/2009/01/12/will-schools-be-able-to-opt-out-of-math-investigations/#comment-80253 freedom Fri, 16 Jan 2009 21:30:04 +0000 http://www.bvbl.net/index.php/2009/01/12/will-schools-be-able-to-opt-out-of-math-investigations/#comment-80253 It sure IS amazing....and the only reason that I can imagine people opposing dual track programs is that the division of resources between the two would perhaps/probably weaken BOTH tracks. Oh, I fully understand your frustration...and when the school board members begin "betting their professional reputation on things," just remember that by the time their experiment is proven to be a failure and our children suffer the consequences, they'll be long gone, out of the picture and innocent -- just as it happened in California with reading. Should you go to the school board meeting, be wary of attempts to intimidate or humiliate: 1. "So Ms X, I understand that you're opposed to modern math....have you been a professional educator for a long time"? 2. "2 + 2 = 4 may have been good enough for you, but today's children deserve better than the old fashioned things we had." 3. "Why memorize math tables when we have calculators and computers to take care of that mundane stuff"? 4. "Trust me, and don't worry about it....we have the well-being of your child in our hearts and minds." 4. "I can't understand why you oppose it when the children...oh, the children just LOVE it"!! Ever wonder why, with such parental opposition to MI, the school board continues to support it so strenuously? ...sounds like an experiment "gone bad" to me. It sure IS amazing….and the only reason that I can imagine people opposing dual track programs is that the division of resources between the two would perhaps/probably weaken BOTH tracks.

Oh, I fully understand your frustration…and when the school board members begin “betting their professional reputation on things,” just remember that by the time their experiment is proven to be a failure and our children suffer the consequences, they’ll be long gone, out of the picture and innocent — just as it happened in California with reading.

Should you go to the school board meeting, be wary of attempts to intimidate or humiliate:

1. “So Ms X, I understand that you’re opposed to modern math….have you been a professional educator for a long time”?

2. “2 + 2 = 4 may have been good enough for you, but today’s children deserve better than the old fashioned things we had.”

3. “Why memorize math tables when we have calculators and computers to take care of that mundane stuff”?

4. “Trust me, and don’t worry about it….we have the well-being of your child in our hearts and minds.”

4. “I can’t understand why you oppose it when the children…oh, the children just LOVE it”!!

Ever wonder why, with such parental opposition to MI, the school board continues to support it so strenuously? …sounds like an experiment “gone bad” to me.

]]> By: Monster_Mom http://www.bvbl.net/index.php/2009/01/12/will-schools-be-able-to-opt-out-of-math-investigations/#comment-80251 Monster_Mom Fri, 16 Jan 2009 20:01:20 +0000 http://www.bvbl.net/index.php/2009/01/12/will-schools-be-able-to-opt-out-of-math-investigations/#comment-80251 I'm pretty well blown away by her statements as well. Way to try to pit my kids against me and make it seem like I'm trying to take something from them. And I highly doubt my kids school was the only school where that message was delivered. It's funny - this is the same sort of intimidation we're hearing about with teachers. The message to our teachers to either support Investigations or keep your mouths shut has been heard loud and clear. You know what really irks me? This is just a stinking math curriculum - 2 + 2 =4. For goodness sake why does it have to be so nasty! All I want is for my kids to get a chance to learn real math. I'll even go with the old textbooks rather than demand new books. I don't want to take anything away from anyone. If a parents thinks Investigations is the cats meow then their kids can stay in the Investigations classes but if a parent chooses a traditional math education for their their child then why would anyone oppose it? This whole thing is just amazing! I’m pretty well blown away by her statements as well. Way to try to pit my kids against me and make it seem like I’m trying to take something from them. And I highly doubt my kids school was the only school where that message was delivered.

It’s funny - this is the same sort of intimidation we’re hearing about with teachers. The message to our teachers to either support Investigations or keep your mouths shut has been heard loud and clear.

You know what really irks me? This is just a stinking math curriculum - 2 + 2 =4. For goodness sake why does it have to be so nasty! All I want is for my kids to get a chance to learn real math. I’ll even go with the old textbooks rather than demand new books. I don’t want to take anything away from anyone. If a parents thinks Investigations is the cats meow then their kids can stay in the Investigations classes but if a parent chooses a traditional math education for their their child then why would anyone oppose it?

This whole thing is just amazing!

]]> By: freedom http://www.bvbl.net/index.php/2009/01/12/will-schools-be-able-to-opt-out-of-math-investigations/#comment-80249 freedom Fri, 16 Jan 2009 19:39:13 +0000 http://www.bvbl.net/index.php/2009/01/12/will-schools-be-able-to-opt-out-of-math-investigations/#comment-80249 Absolutely outrageous!!! ...and I just wonder where the principal came up with THAT as a wonderful thing to tell the students....?? THAT in itself needs to be an issue at the next school board meeting!! Absolutely unbelieveable --"Listen up kids, your parents don't (are too stupid to) understand what you and I both know is best for you....so, you, my little darlings need to go home and tell your Mom and Dad how it REALLY is." Ya know what Monster Mom, as far as I'm concerned, Math Investigations MAY turn out to be the greatest thing EVER! However, if it IS so great, we've done without it for so long that it won't hurt to wait another few years until this program matures and "proves itself" before you experiment on OUR chlidren. I don't even have school-age children anymore, but that doesn't mean that I have no interest in what and how our children (your children and my grandchildren) are being taught -- our country tomorrow will be as our children are being taught today -- and the wrong people know that all too well!!! Absolutely outrageous!!! …and I just wonder where the principal came up with THAT as a wonderful thing to tell the students….?? THAT in itself needs to be an issue at the next school board meeting!! Absolutely unbelieveable –”Listen up kids, your parents don’t (are too stupid to) understand what you and I both know is best for you….so, you, my little darlings need to go home and tell your Mom and Dad how it REALLY is.”

Ya know what Monster Mom, as far as I’m concerned, Math Investigations MAY turn out to be the greatest thing EVER! However, if it IS so great, we’ve done without it for so long that it won’t hurt to wait another few years until this program matures and “proves itself” before you experiment on OUR chlidren.

I don’t even have school-age children anymore, but that doesn’t mean that I have no interest in what and how our children (your children and my grandchildren) are being taught — our country tomorrow will be as our children are being taught today — and the wrong people know that all too well!!!

]]> By: ed http://www.bvbl.net/index.php/2009/01/12/will-schools-be-able-to-opt-out-of-math-investigations/#comment-80247 ed Fri, 16 Jan 2009 19:26:39 +0000 http://www.bvbl.net/index.php/2009/01/12/will-schools-be-able-to-opt-out-of-math-investigations/#comment-80247 And it's a downright lie! We are only asking for an opt-in to a more rigorous math program based around the standard algorithm. This shows what sort of people we are up against. And it’s a downright lie!
We are only asking for an opt-in to a more rigorous math program based around the standard algorithm.

This shows what sort of people we are up against.

]]> By: Monster_Mom http://www.bvbl.net/index.php/2009/01/12/will-schools-be-able-to-opt-out-of-math-investigations/#comment-80241 Monster_Mom Fri, 16 Jan 2009 17:51:27 +0000 http://www.bvbl.net/index.php/2009/01/12/will-schools-be-able-to-opt-out-of-math-investigations/#comment-80241 Gotta love this - at my child's school in the morning announcements the Principal told the kids that their parents would be voting to take Math Investigations away from them, that everyone at the school loves Math Investigations, and that they all needed to go home and tell their parents how much they love Math Investigations. I'm pretty shocked at her lack unethical behavior in doing this. The debate is about policy - curriculum to be specific - and it shouldn't involve our children. For her to try to pit my kids against me is just unacceptable from someone who is supposed to have the children's best interest at heart.. Gotta love this - at my child’s school in the morning announcements the Principal told the kids that their parents would be voting to take Math Investigations away from them, that everyone at the school loves Math Investigations, and that they all needed to go home and tell their parents how much they love Math Investigations.

I’m pretty shocked at her lack unethical behavior in doing this. The debate is about policy - curriculum to be specific - and it shouldn’t involve our children. For her to try to pit my kids against me is just unacceptable from someone who is supposed to have the children’s best interest at heart..

]]> By: Monster_Mom http://www.bvbl.net/index.php/2009/01/12/will-schools-be-able-to-opt-out-of-math-investigations/#comment-80222 Monster_Mom Thu, 15 Jan 2009 22:18:03 +0000 http://www.bvbl.net/index.php/2009/01/12/will-schools-be-able-to-opt-out-of-math-investigations/#comment-80222 Freedom - that's a good question and one for which an easy answer is not readily available. In lieu of the level of support for Investigations from central office staff, if I had to hazard a guess I'd say very little support from central administration. I not sure that's a bad thing! I do have faith in our teachers. They do a heck of a lot for the kids in this community. Yes, there are some bad apples, but by and large the teachers I've met are hard working and committed to their students. I expect that the program will be run and managed independently at each school. That means that parents will need to be involved in the design and implementation of the program at their local schools. Freedom - that’s a good question and one for which an easy answer is not readily available. In lieu of the level of support for Investigations from central office staff, if I had to hazard a guess I’d say very little support from central administration. I not sure that’s a bad thing!

I do have faith in our teachers. They do a heck of a lot for the kids in this community. Yes, there are some bad apples, but by and large the teachers I’ve met are hard working and committed to their students.

I expect that the program will be run and managed independently at each school. That means that parents will need to be involved in the design and implementation of the program at their local schools.

]]> By: freedom http://www.bvbl.net/index.php/2009/01/12/will-schools-be-able-to-opt-out-of-math-investigations/#comment-80216 freedom Thu, 15 Jan 2009 21:21:59 +0000 http://www.bvbl.net/index.php/2009/01/12/will-schools-be-able-to-opt-out-of-math-investigations/#comment-80216 Ed said, "Lets hope the board agrees to a compromise and then the results will speak for themselves." Oh really? Should they go dual-track, just what kind of comparative support do you think the "poor step-child" (traditional math program) would receive? Don't ya dare be callin' MY baby ugly, ya hear? Ed said, “Lets hope the board agrees to a compromise and then the results will speak for themselves.”

Oh really? Should they go dual-track, just what kind of comparative support do you think the “poor step-child” (traditional math program) would receive? Don’t ya dare be callin’ MY baby ugly, ya hear?

]]> By: Monster_Mom http://www.bvbl.net/index.php/2009/01/12/will-schools-be-able-to-opt-out-of-math-investigations/#comment-80190 Monster_Mom Thu, 15 Jan 2009 16:47:30 +0000 http://www.bvbl.net/index.php/2009/01/12/will-schools-be-able-to-opt-out-of-math-investigations/#comment-80190 AWCheney and Freedom - I am totally with you. I think the elections are going to be very interesting. Math is just the tip of the iceberg. A 3rd grade child in my neighborhood had a test Mali culture a few days ago. I asked her if she knew who Patrick Henry was, or why we fought the Revolution, or what made the Bill of Rights important. She had not clue who Patrick Henry was, knew nothing about the Revolution or why it was fought, and didn't even know what the Bill of Rights was but she could tell me the people of Mali eat and live the way they do. Trust me, math is part of a much larger whole which must be addressed by concerned parents and citizens like yourselves. AWCheney and Freedom - I am totally with you. I think the elections are going to be very interesting. Math is just the tip of the iceberg. A 3rd grade child in my neighborhood had a test Mali culture a few days ago. I asked her if she knew who Patrick Henry was, or why we fought the Revolution, or what made the Bill of Rights important. She had not clue who Patrick Henry was, knew nothing about the Revolution or why it was fought, and didn’t even know what the Bill of Rights was but she could tell me the people of Mali eat and live the way they do.

Trust me, math is part of a much larger whole which must be addressed by concerned parents and citizens like yourselves.

]]> By: ed http://www.bvbl.net/index.php/2009/01/12/will-schools-be-able-to-opt-out-of-math-investigations/#comment-80179 ed Thu, 15 Jan 2009 14:56:40 +0000 http://www.bvbl.net/index.php/2009/01/12/will-schools-be-able-to-opt-out-of-math-investigations/#comment-80179 The problem is, not enough disgruntled constituents do anything about it. email makes it so easy; they may ignore it but if they get enough of it, it scares them into action. We are far enough away from the next election with the short attention span of voters, but if they blow it, there may not be another chance for them to get on the right side of the fence. The NSF is still pouring money into grants to push MI; I don't know if the new administration will do anything but it's very hard for educators to resist the latest trend. After they have messed up, it's hard to admit it. Choice in mathematics lets them put the responsibility on the parents to chose what's best. I can't see why they wouldn't want to get off the hook.. The problem is, not enough disgruntled constituents do anything about it. email makes it so easy; they may ignore it but if they get enough of it, it scares them into action.
We are far enough away from the next election with the short attention span of voters, but if they blow it, there may not be another chance for them to get on the right side of the fence.
The NSF is still pouring money into grants to push MI; I don’t know if the new administration will do anything but it’s very hard for educators to resist the latest trend.
After they have messed up, it’s hard to admit it.

Choice in mathematics lets them put the responsibility on the parents to chose what’s best. I can’t see why they wouldn’t want to get off the hook..

]]> By: AWCheney http://www.bvbl.net/index.php/2009/01/12/will-schools-be-able-to-opt-out-of-math-investigations/#comment-80176 AWCheney Thu, 15 Jan 2009 14:01:49 +0000 http://www.bvbl.net/index.php/2009/01/12/will-schools-be-able-to-opt-out-of-math-investigations/#comment-80176 Oh, I expect they next election to become VERY interesting freedom. I understand that the two School Board members who are vehemently supporting MI (whom I now know to be Lattin and Richardson) "...lashed out Wednesday at the parents who’ve dared to continue to speak at the Board meetings in defense of all learners." That's no way to treat constituents, particularly over a program for which there is overwhelming evidence from school systems that have tried and rejected it that it isn't worth defending. It shows very poor judgment on their part, in my opinion. I daresay that, if I currently had children in the school system, I'd be out recruiting in Gainesville and Occoquan Districts right now as I did once before. Oh, I expect they next election to become VERY interesting freedom. I understand that the two School Board members who are vehemently supporting MI (whom I now know to be Lattin and Richardson) “…lashed out Wednesday at the parents who’ve dared to continue to speak at the Board meetings in defense of all learners.” That’s no way to treat constituents, particularly over a program for which there is overwhelming evidence from school systems that have tried and rejected it that it isn’t worth defending. It shows very poor judgment on their part, in my opinion. I daresay that, if I currently had children in the school system, I’d be out recruiting in Gainesville and Occoquan Districts right now as I did once before.

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